Dual Action Lethal Containers, Systems, Methods and Compositions for Killing Adult Mosquitos and Larvae

ABSTRACT

Dual action lethal containers, systems, methods, compositions and formulas used to kill mosquitoes and their larvae. The containers can have separate interior larvicidal and adulticidal coatings separated from each other by horizontal water line holes in the container. Another container can use a novel combined coating of a larvicidal and adulticidal coating. Unique compositions of adulticidal coatings, larvicidal coatings and combined adulticidal and larvicidal coatings can be used as liners.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This invention claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication 61/635,497 filed Apr. 19, 2012 and U.S. Provisional PatentApplication 61/777,766 filed Mar. 12, 2013. The entire disclosure ofeach of the applications listed in this paragraph are incorporatedherein by specific reference thereto.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates to killing mosquitoes, and in particular to dualaction lethal containers, systems and methods of use and novel,long-lasting compositions and formulas which are used to kill adultmosquitoes and their larvae.

BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART

Over the years, Ovitrap type containers, such as Ovitraps, have beenused and deployed to control mosquitoes. See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos.5,983,557 to Perich et al.; 6,185,861 to Perich; and 6,389,740 to Perichet al.; and Zeichner, Brian C. “The lethal ovitrap: a response to theresurgence of dengue and chikungunya”, U.S. Army Medical Journal,July-September 2011. These types of Ovitraps have generally used a paperstrip having insecticide that hangs within a cup filled with water up toa series of drain holes. The insecticide strip will hang into the water,with the intention of killing female mosquitoes as they land on theOvitrap to lay eggs. However, these types of Ovitraps have limitationsdue to the insecticide on the paper breaking down rapidly because ofwater contact, and also the trap is not designed to kill larvae.

For example, these traps have lacked the use of a timed release ofinsecticide, and the water ended up breaking down the insecticide tobecome ineffective or not killing fast enough to prevent egg layingbecause of insecticide resistance in the mosquito population. A study inKey West, Fla. that used thousands of Ovitraps ended up producingmosquitoes from these water filled containers. Additionally, theOvitraps only used an adulticide which was not effective in killingmosquito larvae.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a prior art lethal Ovitrap that uses a stripof paper, P, having insecticide thereon, that hangs into a water, W,filled container, C.

Thus, the need exists for solutions to the above problems with the priorart.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A primary objective of the present invention is to provide dual actionlethal containers, systems and methods which are used to kill adultmosquitoes and their larvae.

A secondary objective of the present invention is to provide novel,long-lasting coatings, compositions and formulas that can be used tokill both adult mosquitoes and their larvae.

A third objective of the present invention is to provide dual actionOvitrap containers, systems and methods which kills both adult females,that seek the ovitrap as a location to lay eggs, as well as larvae, fromany eggs that may be laid by the mosquito females before they are killedby the adulticide treatment.

A fourth objective of the present invention is to provide long lastinginsecticidal coatings as container linings that can prevent quickdegradation of insecticidal activity which occurs when insecticides areapplied directly to surfaces of lethal ovitraps.

A fifth objective of the present invention is to provide for the use ofslow release insecticide coatings as liners in containers so thatpesticide exposure by humans is minimized when treated surfaces areaccidentally contacted.

A sixth objective of the present invention is to provide for the use ofslow release insecticide coatings as liners in containers which usedifferent active ingredients for elimination of adults and larvae candelay development of pesticide resistance in mosquito populations andprovide more efficient control of disease vectors.

A seventh objective of the present invention is to provide for the useof slow release insecticide coatings as liners in containers which canminimize environmental contamination, non-target exposure and chances ofaccidental insecticide poisoning to humans and animals.

The use of long-lasting insecticidal coating provides long-lastingcontrol, as opposed to direct application of insecticides to internalsurfaces of lethal ovitraps. The invention has the addition of larvicideto lethal ovitraps.

An additive can be added to the coating to enhance stability of theinsecticide active ingredients and allows slow release of insecticidefor a prolonged deployment of the trap in field situations.

Types of additives can include but are not limited to CARBONXIDE™ (amixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, and other compounds,which is an antioxidant that affects the microporosity of materials andprevents effects of aging), the additive of which is described in U.S.Pat. No. 5,401,310 to Ture, which is incorporated by reference in its'entirety. CARBONXIDE™ has been manufactured by Refrasud Internationals.r.l., a refractory innovation technology company, from Taranto, Italy.Other types of additives can include synergists, such as but not limitedto Piperonyl butoxide (PBO), MGK-264, Etofenprox and Pyrethrins.

A synergist can be added to the long-lasting coating to overcomeinsecticide resistance in mosquito populations. The coating not only canprotect the insecticidal active ingredient, but also synergists fromdegradation over time. Additionally, a combination of both an adulticideand a larvicide with a different mode of action in a single coatingcould allow for easier manufacturing.

The dual action ovitrap can be sold both in the retail market, for useby homeowners who need to eliminate mosquitoes from their property, andprofessional market, for use by mosquito control districts, pest controloperators, the armed forces, humanitarian institutions and othersinvolved in the control of mosquitoes in different situations.

The long-lasting insecticide coatings can be marketed for other useswhere insect control is desired. Such coating could be used in externalbuilding walls, internal walls, and any other surfaces where mosquitoesand other pestiferous insects may rest and congregate.

The dual action lethal Ovitrap type containers can be used to killmosquitoes and their larvae. The inside of a cup can be covered withinsecticidal coating. The inner, upper surface can be coated withinsecticide that kills adult mosquitoes as they land to lay eggs, andthe inner lower surface can be coated with larvicide that kills larvalmosquitoes that could emerge from eggs, or the interior of the trap canbe coated with a combination of adulticide and larvicide.

Adult mosquitoes are attracted to water inside the cup to lay eggs. Whenthey land on the coated surface, they are killed. If they lay eggsbefore they die, the larvae that hatch from the eggs are killed with thelarvicide. The insecticide and larvicide can be mixed in a specialcoating material which prevents the insecticides from breaking down.Also the coating is designed to provide a timed release of theinsecticides.

The insecticidal coatings can have colors incorporated that areattractive to mosquitoes. This dual action lethal ovitrap would beuseful for control of mosquitoes that vector dengue, west Nile virus,yellow fever, and other pathogens.

Embedding the insecticides in coatings within our dual action lethalOvitrap can protect the active ingredient and/or synergist fromdegradation by the water in the Ovitrap, and results in slow release ofthe active ingredient over time to kill mosquitoes. If the mosquitoeslay eggs before they die, a larvicide also embedded in the coating, isprotected from degradation, and slowly releases over time to kill anylarvae that hatch from the mosquito eggs. The dual action of the Ovitrapassures that the device will not produce mosquitoes as a result ofdegradation of the adulticide active ingredients.

Further objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent fromthe following detailed description of the presently preferredembodiments which are illustrated schematically in the accompanyingdrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows a prior art lethal ovitrap that uses a strip of paper withinsecticide hanging in a water-filled container.

FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a novel container with twodifferent interior layers coatings, with a novel adulticidal coatingaround an upper portion of the container above the holes, and a novellarvicidal coating around a lower portion of the container below theseries of holes.

FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of another novel container havinga novel combined adulticidal and larvicidal coating on the interior ofthe container.

FIG. 4 is a side outside view of the FIGS. 2 and 3 containers showingthe exterior walls of the container above and below the series of holes.

FIG. 5 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versusDays Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes aegypti after 2 hoursof exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrinalone or the coating combination of permethrin with a CARBONXIDE™additive.

FIG. 6 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versusDays Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes albopictus after 2hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticidepermethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with aCARBONXIDE™ additive.

FIG. 7 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versusDays Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes aegypti after 24 hoursof exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrinalone or the coating combination of permethrin with a CARBONXIDE™additive.

FIG. 8 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versusDays Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes albotpictus after 24hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticidepermethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with aCARBONXIDE™ additive.

FIG. 9 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours ofexposure to an Ovitrap treated with a coating containing both permethrinand pyriproxyfen.

FIG. 10 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours ofexposure to an Ovitrap treated with a coating containing onlypermethrin.

FIG. 11 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours ofexposure to an Ovitrap treated with a coating containing onlypyriproxyfen.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention indetail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in itsapplications to the details of the particular arrangements shown sincethe invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminologyused herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

FIG. 2 shows a side cross-sectional view of a novel container having thetwo different layers 4, 5, on the interior of the container, with noveladulticidal coating 5, around an upper portion of the container abovethe holes 2, and a novel larvicidal coating 4, around a lower portion ofthe container below the series of holes 2. The container can be similarto the container C, shown in FIG. 1. Above a horizontal series of waterlevel holes 2 can be an adulticidal coating 5, and below the water levelholes 2 can be a larvicidal coating 4. The holes 2 can maintain thewater line level 6 within the container.

The Steps to create an ovitrap with separate adulticide and larvicidelayers can include the following:

-   -   i. Obtain a preferred coating basis;    -   ii. Prepare adulticide coating by adding adulticide active        ingredient, and, if desired, the additive (CARBONXIDE™) and any        synergist;    -   iii. Prepare larvicidal coating by adding larvicide active        ingredient, and, if desired, the additive (CARBONXIDE™) and any        synergist;    -   iv. Coat the bottom half of a container (8-32 oz.) internally,        with the larvicidal coating;    -   v. Coat the top half of a container internally with the        adulticidal coating;    -   vi. Drain holes can be added to the container wall at the midway        line between the top adulticide coating and the bottom larvicide        coating; and vii. Attachment devices such as cords, hooks, etc        can be added to assist in securing the dual action ovitrap to        field locations.

FIG. 3 shows a side cross-sectional view of another novel containerhaving a combined adulticidal and larvicidal coating 3 on the interiorwalls of the container.

The steps to create an ovitrap with combined adulticide and larvicidelayer can include:

-   -   i. Obtain preferred coating basis;    -   ii. Prepare coating by adding adulticidal and larvicidal active        ingredients, and, if desired, the additive (CARBONXIDE™) and any        synergist;    -   iii. Coat a container (8-32 oz.) internally, with the combined        adulticide/larvicide coating;    -   iv. Drain holes can be added to the container wall at the midway        line of the coating to prevent water from completely filling the        container; and    -   v. Attachment devices such as cords, hooks, etc can be added to        assist in securing the dual action ovitrap to field locations.

FIG. 4 shows a side outside view of FIGS. 2 & 3 containers side walls 1above and below the series of drain holes 2.

The following protocols A, B, C and D list the flowchart methodologiesfor experiments that were conducted for evaluating the differentcoatings used.

A. Flowchart of Methodology in the Evaluation of Adulticide CoatingIncludes the Steps of:

-   -   i. Obtain preferred coating basis;    -   ii. Add adulticide (pyrethroids) and, if desired, an additive        (CARBONXIDE™) to formulate different formulations of        insecticides;    -   iii. Add coating on wood panels;    -   iv. Age wood panels in simulated environmental conditions;    -   v. Prepare housing for adult mosquitoes        -   a Place a 4-oz plastic cup upside down on coated wood            panels;    -   vi. Place adult mosquitoes in the housing cup to expose them to        insecticidal coating;    -   vii. Measure mosquito mortality in 1-hour, 2-hour, and 24-hour        after exposure;    -   viii. Collect data and perform statistical analysis to determine        effectiveness of adulticide coating.

B. Flowchart of Methodology in the Evaluation of Larvicide Coating canInclude:

-   -   i. Obtain preferred coating basis;    -   ii. Add larvicide (insect growth regulators) and, if desired, an        additive (CARBONXIDE™);    -   iii. Coat filter paper and let air dry for 1-3 days;    -   iv. Prepare housing for larval mosquitoes;        -   a. Place coated filter paper in 4-oz glass jars;        -   b. Fill jars with unchlorinated or distilled water;    -   v. Place larval mosquitoes on the jars;    -   vi. Measure mosquito larva mortality in 12-hour intervals until        all are dead or emerged as adults;    -   vii. Collect data and perform statistical analysis to determine        effectiveness of adulticide coating.

C. Flowchart of Methodology in Evaluation of Adulticide Coating asApplied in Lethal Ovitrap can Include:

-   -   i. Obtain preferred coating basis;    -   ii. Add adulticide (pyrethroids) and, if desired an additive        (CARBONXIDE™);    -   iii. Coat filter paper and let air dry for 1-3 days;    -   iv. Prepare oviposition cup;        -   a. Place coated filter paper in a 4-oz plastic cup;        -   b. Fill cup halfway with unchlorinated or distilled water;    -   v. Prepare housing for gravid (“pregnant”) females;        -   a. Cut a 1-inch hole on the side of a 3-gallon bucket;        -   b. Cover hole with % in foam;    -   vi. Place oviposition cup in the gravid female housing bucket;    -   vii. Cover bucket with netting to prevent mosquito adult escape;    -   viii. Place gravid females in the gravid female housing bucket;    -   viiii. Measure mosquito mortality in 12-hour intervals until        eggs were laid on the oviposition cups;    -   ix. Count number of eggs on filter paper;    -   x. Collect data and perform statistical analysis to determine        effectiveness of adulticide coating.

D. Flowchart of Methodology in Evaluation of Dual-Action Ovitrap canInclude:

-   -   i. Obtained preferred coating basis;    -   ii. Add adulticide (pyrethroids), larvicide (insect growth        regulator), and, if desired, an additive (CARBONXIDE™);        -   a. Also prepare coating with only adulticide or only            larvicide to serve as comparison;    -   iii. Coat filter paper and let air dry for 1-3 days;    -   iv. Prepare oviposition container;        -   a. Place coated filter paper in a 4-oz plastic cup;        -   b. Fill cup halfway with unchlorinated or distilled water;    -   v. Prepare housing for gravid (“pregnant”) females;        -   a. Cut a 1-inch hole on the side of a 3-gallon bucket;        -   b. Cover hole with % in foam;    -   vi. Add larval mosquitoes on the oviposition containers;    -   vii. Place oviposition container on the housing bucket;    -   viii. Cover bucket with netting to prevent mosquito adult        escape;    -   ix. Place gravid females on the housing bucket;    -   x. Measure adult and larval mosquito mortality in 12-hour        intervals until all larvae are dead or emerged as adults;    -   xi. Count number of eggs on filter paper;    -   xii. Collect data and perform statistical analysis to determine        effectiveness of adulticide coating.

Protocols A and B referenced above were used as proof-of-conceptexperiments before the dual-action ovitraps were developed. Insects wereexposed to aged insecticidal coatings during the tests.

Protocol C was used to test effect of the adulticide-only coating onadult mosquitoes exposed to treated ovitrap.

Protocol D was used to test adulticide-larvicidal combination in dualaction ovitrap. For this experiment, coating containing just adulticideand just larvicide were also used to provide information on the effectsof each product alone.

Experiment: 2h_Mort_(—) A _(—) aegypti_Aged_coating description

FIG. 5 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versusDays Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes aegypti after 2 hoursof exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrinalone or the coating combination of permethrin with the additiveCARBONXIDE™. Mortality of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, after 2 hour ofexposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin aloneor in combination with the additive CARBONXIDE™, was between 30 and 100%independent of the age of the coating application. Coating with additivealmost always produced higher mosquito mortality than coatings withoutthe additive. Control mortality was minimal in all experiments with agedcoatings.

For all aging experiments, short-term aging was obtained by storingcoated wood panels in lab at room temperature (22° C.), but long-termaging (>24 days) was obtained by placing coated wood panels in oven at60° C. where 1 day of accelerated age corresponds approximately to 10days at 22° C.

Experiment: 2h_Mort_(—) A _(—) albopictus_Aged_coating_description

FIG. 6 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versusDays Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes albopictus after 2hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticidepermethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with theadditive Carbonxide. Mortality of the mosquito Aedes albopictus, after 2hour of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticidepermethrin alone or in combination with the additive Carbonxide, wasbetween 10 and 100% independent of the age of the coating application.Coating with additive almost always produced higher mosquito mortalitythan coatings without the additive.

Experiment: 24h_Mort_(—) A _(—) aegypti_Aged_coating description

FIG. 7 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versusDays Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes aegypti after 24 hoursof exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrinalone or the coating combination of permethrin with the additiveCarbonxide. 100% A. aegypti mosquito mortality was obtained at 24 hexposure to all the insecticidal coatings independent of aging forapproximately 2 years or composition of the coating.

Experiment: 24h_Mort_(—) A _(—) albopictus_Aged_coating description

FIG. 8 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versusDays Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes albotpictus after 24hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticidepermethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with theadditive Carbonxide. A 100% A. albopictus mosquito mortality wasobtained at 24 h exposure to all the insecticidal coatings independentof aging for approximately 2 years or composition of the coating.

Experiment: Per_pyri_Graph description

FIG. 9 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours ofexposure to an Ovitrap treated with a coating containing both permethrinand pyriproxyfen. When an ovitrap is treated with a coating containingboth permethrin, which is used mainly as an adulticide but haslarvicidal action, and pyriproxyfen, a larvicide with no effect asadulticide, mosquito larvae are killed rapidly, whereas adult mortalitydoes not occur until after the females have started laying eggs, andtherefore get exposed to the adulticide. Larval mortality is due torelease of a combination of permethrin and pyriproxyfen into the waterwhere larvae live. Adult mortality is only due to the pick up ofpermethrin when gravid females land on the side walls of the ovitrapwhen attempting to lay eggs.

FIG. 10 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours ofexposure to an Ovitrap that was treated with a coating containing onlypermethrin. When an ovitrap is treated with a coating containing onlypermethrin, which is used mainly as an adulticide but has larvicidalaction, mosquito larvae are killed rapidly, due to release of permethrininto the water where larvae live. Adult mortality does not occur untilafter the females have started laying eggs, and therefore get exposed tothe adulticide due to the pick up of permethrin by gravid femaleslanding on the side walls of the Ovitrap.

FIG. 11 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours ofexposure to an Ovitrap that was treated with a coating containing onlypyriproxyfen. When an ovitrap is treated with a coating containing onlypyriproxyfen, a larvicide with no effect as adulticide, mosquito larvaeare killed rapidly when they start molting into the pupal stage.Pyriproxyfen interferes with the development process and prevents pupaldevelopment so adults never emerge. Adults suffer only normal mortalitysince pyriproxyfen has no adulticide effect because adults do not gothrough the pupation process.

Table 1 lists the main components along with a range for each componentsand preferred percentage for combined adulticidal and larvicidal coatingthat can be used as a single lining in a container.

TABLE 1 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary IngredientsIngredients Range Amount Choice of Coating  79.0-99.9989% 96.59%     Acrylic paint     Oil based paint     Plastic polymer CARBONXIDE ™or other additive    0-4.0% 2.0% Choice of Adulticidal Active 0.001-5.0% 0.7% Ingredient:    Pyrethroid insecticide   Organophosphate insecticide    Carbamate insecticide Permethrin(pyrethroid)   0.2-5.0% 0.7% Cypermethrin  0.02-5.0% 0.1% (pyrethroid)Deltamethrin  0.001-5% 0.06%  (pyrethroid) Bifenthrin (pyrethroid) 0.001-5% 0.06%  Chlorpyrifos   0.2-5.0% 0.5% (organophosphate) Propoxur(carbamate)   0.2-5.0% 0.5% Diazinon   0.2-5.0% 1.0% (organophosphate)Choice of Larvicidal Active 0.0001-2% 0.01%  Ingredient: Bacillusthuringiensis 0.0001-2% 0.01%  israelensis Methoprene 0.0001-2% 0.01% Pyroproxifen 0.0001-2% 0.01%  Spinosad 0.0001-2% 0.01%  Choice ofSynergist:    0-10.0% 0.7% Piperonyl Butoxide    0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264   0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox    0-5.0% 0.7% Pyrethrins    0-5.0% 0.7%

Table 2 lists the main components along with a range for each componentsand preferred percentage for an adulticidal coating.

TABLE 2 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary IngredientsIngredients Range Amount Choice of Coating  81.0-98.999% 96.6%     Acrylic paint     Oil based paint     Plastic polymer CARBONXIDE ™or other additive   0-4.0% 2.0% Choice of Adulticidal Active 0.001-5.0% 0.7% Ingredient:    Pyrethroid insecticide    Organophosphateinsecticide    Carbamate insecticide Permethrin (pyrethroid) 0.2-5.0%0.7% Cypermethrin 0.02-5.0%  0.1% (pyrethroid) Deltamethrin 0.001-5%   0.06%  (pyrethroid) Bifenthrin (pyrethroid) 0.001-5%    0.06% Chlorpyrifos 0.2-5.0% 0.5% (organophosphate) Propoxur (carbamate)0.2-5.0% 0.5% Diazinon 0.2-5.0% 1.0% (organophosphate) Choice ofSynergist:   0-10.0% 0.7% Piperonyl Butoxide   0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264  0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox   0-5.0% 0.7% Pyrethrins   0-5.0% 0.7%

Table 3 lists the main components along with a range for each componentsand preferred percentage for larvicidal coating.

TABLE 3 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary IngredientsIngredients Range Amount Coating (choice of one)  84.0-99.9999% 97.82%     Acrylic paint     Oil based paint     Plastic polymer CARBONXIDE ™or other additive   0.0-4.0% 2.0% Choice of Larvicidal Active 0.0001-2%0.01%  Ingredients: Bacillus thuringiensis 0.0001-2% 0.01%  israelensisMethoprene 0.0001-2% 0.01%  Pyroproxifen 0.0001-2% 0.01%  Spinosad0.0001-2% 0.01%  Choice of 1-3 Synergists:    0-10.0% 0.7% PiperonylButoxide    0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264    0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox    0-5.0%0.7% Pyrethrins    0-5.0% 0.7%

Table 4 lists additional examples of adulticide and larvicidal coatingingredients that can be used in the interior coatings of the containeralong with a range for each components and preferred percentage forcombined adulticidal and larvicidal coating.

TABLE 4 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary IngredientsIngredients Range Amount Choice of Coating  83.0-99.9989% 98.59%     Acrylic paint     Oil based paint     Plastic polymer Choice ofAdulticidal Active  0.001-5.0% 0.7% Ingredient:    Pyrethroidinsecticide    Organophosphate insecticide    Carbamate insecticidePermethrin (pyrethroid)   0.2-5.0% 0.7% Cypermethrin  0.02-5.0% 0.1%(pyrethroid) Deltamethrin  0.001-5% 0.06%  (pyrethroid) Bifenthrin(pyrethroid)  0.001-5% 0.06%  Chlorpyrifos   0.2-5.0% 0.5%(organophosphate) Propoxur (carbamate)   0.2-5.0% 0.5% Diazinon  0.2-5.0% 1.0% (organophosphate) Choice of Larvicidal Active 0.0001-2%0.01%  Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis 0.0001-2% 0.01%  israelensisMethoprene 0.0001-2% 0.01%  Pyroproxifen 0.0001-2% 0.01%  Spinosad0.0001-2% 0.01%  Choice of Synergist:    0-10.0% 0.7% Piperonyl Butoxide   0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264    0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox    0-5.0% 0.7%Pyrethrins    0-5.0% 0.7%

Table 5 lists the main components along with a range for each componentsand preferred percentage for an adulticidal coating.

TABLE 5 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary IngredientsIngredients Range Amount Choice of Coating  85.0-98.999% 98.6%     Acrylic paint     Oil based paint     Plastic polymer Choice ofAdulticidal Active 0.001-5.0%  0.7% Ingredient:    Pyrethroidinsecticide    Organophosphate insecticide    Carbamate insecticidePermethrin (pyrethroid) 0.2-5.0% 0.7% Cypermethrin 0.02-5.0%  0.1%(pyrethroid) Deltamethrin 0.001-5%    0.06%  (pyrethroid) Bifenthrin(pyrethroid) 0.001-5%    0.06%  Chlorpyrifos 0.2-5.0% 0.5%(organophosphate) Propoxur (carbamate) 0.2-5.0% 0.5% Diazinon 0.2-5.0%1.0% (organophosphate) Choice of Synergist:   0-10.0% 0.7% PiperonylButoxide   0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264   0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox   0-5.0% 0.7%Pyrethrins   0-5.0% 0.7%

Table 6 lists the main components along with a range for each componentsand preferred percentage for larvicidal coating.

TABLE 6 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary IngredientsIngredients Range Amount Coating (choice of one)  88.0-99.9999% 99.82%     Acrylic paint     Oil based paint     Plastic polymer Choice ofLarvicidal Active 0.0001-2% 0.01% Ingredients: Bacillus thuringiensis0.0001-2% 0.01% israelensis Methoprene 0.0001-2% 0.01% Pyroproxifen0.0001-2% 0.01% Spinosad 0.0001-2% 0.01% Choice of 1-3 Synergists:   0-10.0%  0.7% Piperonyl Butoxide    0-10.0%  0.7% MGK-264    0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox    0-5.0%  0.7% Pyrethrins    0-5.0%  0.7%

While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shownin various terms of certain embodiments or modifications which it haspresumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be,nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such othermodifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings hereinare particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth andscope of the claims here appended.

We claim:
 1. A dual action container for killing insects and theirlarvae, comprising: a housing having a closed bottom and closed sidewalls and open top; a plurality of drain openings about the housingsubstantially midway between the closed bottom and open top; anadulticidal coating layer on an inner surface of the housing above theplurality of drain openings; and a larvicidal coating layer on an innersurface of the housing below the plurality of drain openings, whereinthe adulticidal coating and the larvicidal coating kill both adultinsects and their larvae over time.
 2. The dual action container ofclaim 1, wherein the adulticidal coating includes: permethrin.
 3. Thedual action container of claim 1, wherein the larvicidal coatingincludes: pyriproxyfen.
 4. The dual action container of claim 1, whereinthe insects include mosquitoes.
 5. The dual action container of claim 1,wherein at least one of the adulticidal coating and the larvicidalcoating includes a mixture for a long lasting insecticide that does notbreak down.
 6. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein at leastone of the adulticidal coating and the larvicidal coating includes anadditive for allowing a slow time release of an insecticide.
 7. The dualaction container of claim 1, wherein the adulticidal coating containsinsecticide that kills adult mosquitoes as they land to lay eggs, andthe larvicidal coating that kills larval mosquitoes which emerge fromthe eggs.
 8. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein at least oneof the adulticidal coating and the larvicidal coating includes a colorwhich attracts the insects to the coating.
 9. The dual action containerof claim 1, wherein at least one of the adulticidal coating and thelarvicidal coating, stabilizes synergists to overcome insecticideresistance in insects.
 10. The dual action container of claim 1, whereinat least one of the adulticidal coating and the larvicidal coatingincludes a paint.
 11. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein atleast one of the adulticidal coating and the larvicidal coating includesa plastic coating.
 12. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein atleast one of the adulticidal coating and the larvicidal coating includesa plastic impregnation.
 13. The dual action container of claim 1,wherein the adulticidal coating is an insecticide selected from one of apyrethroid, organophosphate or carbamate.
 14. The dual action containerof claim 13, wherein the pyrethroid is selected from one of permethrin,cypermethrin, deltamethrin or bifenthrin.
 15. The dual action containerof claim 13, wherein the organophosphate is selected from one ofchlorpyrifos or diazinon.
 16. The dual action container of claim 13,wherein the carbamate is propoxur.
 17. The dual action container ofclaim 13, wherein the adulticidal coating includes a synergist selectedfrom one of piperonyl butoxide, MGK-264, etofenprox, and pyrethrins. 18.The dual action container of claim 1, wherein the larvicidal coating isan insecticide selected from one of a Bacillus thuringiensisisraelensis, methoprene, pyroproxifen or spinosad.
 19. The dual actioncontainer of claim 18, wherein the larvicidal coating includes asynergist selected from one of piperonyl butoxide, MGK-264, etofenprox,and pyrethrins.
 20. A dual action container for killing insects andtheir larvae, comprising: a housing having a closed bottom and closedsidewalls and open top; a plurality of drain openings about the housingsubstantially midway between the closed bottom and open top; a combinedcoating layer that contains an adulticide and a larvicide, the combinedcoating layer located on an inner surface of the housing both above andbelow the plurality of drain openings, wherein the combined coatingkills both adult insects and their larvae over time.
 21. The dual actioncontainer of claim 20, wherein the larvicide includes: pyriproxyfen. 22.The dual action container of claim 20, wherein the adulticide includes:permethrin.
 23. The dual action container of claim 20, wherein thecombined coating includes: permethrin and pyriproxyfen.
 24. The dualaction container of claim 20, wherein the insects include mosquitoes.25. The dual action container of claim 20, wherein the combined coatingincludes a mixture for a long lasting insecticide that does not breakdown.
 26. The dual action container of claim 20, wherein the combinedcoating includes an additive for allowing a slow timed release of aninsecticide.
 27. The dual action container of claim 20, wherein thecombined coating includes a color which attracts the insects to thecoating.
 28. The dual action container of claim 20, wherein the combinedcoating stabilizes synergists to overcome resistance.
 29. The dualaction container of claim 20, wherein the combined coating includes apaint.
 30. The dual action container of claim 20, wherein the combinedcoating includes a plastic coating.
 31. The dual action container ofclaim 20, wherein the combined coating includes a plastic impregnation.32. The dual action container of claim 20, wherein the adulticide in thecombined coating is an insecticide selected from one of a pyrethroid,organophosphate or carbamate.
 33. The dual action container of claim 32,wherein the pyrethroid is selected from one of permethrin, cypermethrin,deltamethrin or bifenthrin.
 34. The dual action container of claim 32,wherein the organophosphate is selected from one of chlorpyrifos ordiazinon.
 35. The dual action container of claim 32, wherein thecarbamate is propoxur.
 36. The dual action container of claim 32,wherein the larvicide in the combined coating is an insecticide selectedfrom one of a Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, methoprene,pyroproxifen and spinosad.
 37. A combined adulticidal and larvicidalcomposition for killing mosquitoes, comprising: an adulticidal activecomponent; and a larvicidal active component.
 38. The combined coatingcomposition of claim 37, wherein the adulticidal component is aninsecticide selected from one of a pyrethroid, organophosphate orcarbamate; and the larvicidal component is an insecticide selected fromone of a Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, methoprene, pyroproxifenand spinosad.